This electromagnetic induction phenomenon is the basis of transformer action and, in accordance with Lenz's law, the secondary current so produced creates a flux equal and opposite to that produced by the primary winding. This varying flux at the secondary winding induces a varying electromotive force or voltage in the secondary winding. Transformers range in size from RF transformers less than a cubic centimeter in volume, to units weighing hundreds of tons used to interconnect the power grid.Ī varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer core, which is also encircled by the secondary winding. A wide range of transformer designs is encountered in electronic and electric power applications. Since the invention of the first constant-potential transformer in 1885, transformers have become essential for the transmission, distribution, and utilization of alternating current electric power. ![]() Transformers can also be used to provide galvanic isolation between circuits as well as to couple stages of signal-processing circuits. Transformers are used to change AC voltage levels, such transformers being termed step-up or step-down type to increase or decrease voltage level, respectively. Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits. ![]() ![]() A varying current in any coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) across any other coils wound around the same core. A basic transformer consisting of two coils of copper wire wrapped around a magnetic coreĪ transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits.
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